ABOUT THE PRODUCTION A PERSONAL HISTORY 

The 1947 Partition of India has always been part of Gurinder Chadha’  s life. Though raised in West London, and born in Nairobi, Kenya 13 years after the controversial Mountbatten Plan struck a jagged line through the north-west of the freshly independent Union of India to create the Dominion of Pakistan, the British-Punjabi film-maker describes herself as someone who grew up “ in the shadow of Partition” . Her ancestors lived in the foothills of the Himalayas, now on the Pakistani side of the border. Her grandparents lived through the tumultuous events which saw sectarian violence between India’  s minority population of Muslims (many of whom craved their own homeland) and the Hindu and Sikh majority, bring about the greatest refugee crisis the world has ever seen; in a vast diaspora, an estimated 14 million people were displaced during Partition and up to a million died. An independent India was a cause for celebration, and the creation of Pakistan was equally a cause for celebration amongst many millions of Muslims. But the process by which this was achieved was what caused such terrible suffering for so many Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs.” As a writer-director, Chadha has repeatedly translated her personal experience as a Punjabi-British woman into uplifting, crowd-pleasing movies, from her ground-breaking 1993 debut Bhaji On The Beach to her box-office smash Bend It Like Beckham. This tragic aspect of her cultural and family background was something she’  d always shied away from as a film-maker because, she says, “ it was too dark, too traumatic.” Then, in 2005, she took part in the BBC’  s family-tree-exploring programme Who Do You Think You Are? which took her back to her ancestral homeland. “ I was quite reticent in my feelings about Pakistan,”  she recalls now. “  In the programme as I arrive in Pakistan, I say I prefer to refer to it as ‘  pre-partition India’  . But I was in Jhelum, trying to find my grandfather’  s house, and eventually we found it with the help of the people who are now living there.”  Chadha was struck by the warmth and generosity of the Pakistanis she encountered. “ But what was so moving was that we met all these elderly people, and I’  d ask, ‘  how long have you been living here? Did you know my grandfather?’   And everyone I met said, ‘  Oh I came in ’  47. I came in ’  47. I came in ’  47’  . So I got this real sense that an entire Sikh community had been expelled from Pakistan and replaced by another community, just as that new Muslim community had itself been expelled from India and their own ancestral homes. That really brought home to me the meaning of Partition.” It was then Chadha realised that she had to confront her fears and make her movie about Partition. “ I decided I wanted to make a film about what I call The People’  s Partition,”  she explains. “ I didn’  t just want to explore why Partition happened and focus on the political wrangles between public figures, I also wanted to make sure the audience understood the impact of Partition on ordinary people.” Chadha therefore conceived the idea of setting her story entirely in Viceroy’  s House, the British Raj’  s seat of government in Delhi, to create an “ Upstairs, Downstairs vision of Partition,”  which would focus on the negotiations upstairs between Lord Mountbatten, 

the last Viceroy of India, and the country’  s political leaders Nehru, Gandhi and Jinnah, whilst interweaving the stories of the Indians downstairs (their hopes and fears in relation to how these negotiations will impact their own lives).  â€œ In the film, Viceroy’  s House is almost a character in its own right” , says Chadha “ It was designed by Lutyens and took 17 years to build.  Its imposing architecture was an expression of Imperial power, intended to intimidate.  I’  m sure that when it was completed in 1929, no one could have imagined that in less than 20 years it would become the home of the first President of India (and it remains the largest residence of any head of state anywhere in the world!).   As Chadha’  s conception of how to tell the story developed, she approached Cameron McCracken (Executive Producer and Managing Director of Pathe in the UK) to help progress the project. He brought in the BBC, the BFI, Ingenious and Indian co-producer and co-financier, Reliance (the largest media company in India). Deepak Nayar also came aboard as lead producer.  This combination of British and Indian backers gave Chadha the opportunity to make the kind of film she grew up loving, but which she feels are now few and far between: the British historical epic. Whilst bowing down to their genius, Chadha sees her movie as being in the same tradition as David Lean’  s A Passage To India (1984) and Richard Attenborough’  s Gandhi (1982).  â€œ David Lean has always been one of my favourite film-makers,”  she reveals. “ I love those huge, epic-canvas British films. I think it’  s sad that we don’  t make those kind of epic, populist films as much because they somehow help define who we are as a nation. They tell us who we are by going back, looking at our history to understand our present.  That is exactly what I wanted to achieve here, to reach out to the broadest audience possible and remind them of this hugely important event that has been largely forgotten.”  But whilst the film may be in the same tradition as other Raj movies, Chadha’  s movie has a very different point of view. She is the first British Asian female director to examine the role of the British in India. “ Growing up in England, I was brought up with the commonly held historical narrative that in 1947, after a long freedom struggle led by Ghandi, the British wanted to hand India back, so they sent Mountbatten out there to do it, but we started fighting each other,”  she continues. “ And because of that, Mountbatten had no choice but to divide the country. So in a way the violence of Partition was our fault. This is the version of history portrayed in Attenborough’  s seminal film Ghandhi. But now if you look at the evidence, that is a very one-sided interpretation.” “ After two hundred years of British in India, the Indians came together against their British rulers in the 1857 mutiny orfirst war of independence depending on which history book you read. The British won back control but were shocked at the strength of the mutineers and so instigated the British Imperial policy of ‘  divide and rule’   and sowed the seeds of segregation between Hindus and Muslims.  The film opens with the quote: “ History is written by the victors” “ My intention is to examine how someone like me can look at new historical evidence and explore an alternative historical narrative to what I' d been taught as a girl.